艺术能够促进理解吗？——审美认知主义的心理学与神经科学综述

Aesthetic cognitivism refers to the proposition that art promotes knowledge and understanding. Despite its intuitive appeal, few empirical investigations have tested the validity of this philosophical claim. In our review, we outline prior arguments for and against aesthetic cognitivism. Then, with a focus on visual art, we discuss how empirical aesthetics and neuroscience can contribute to conversations about aesthetic cognitivism. We propose that engagement, broadly defined as the ongoing thoughts, feelings, and actions of a person in response to viewing an artwork, is necessary to acquire new knowledge and understanding, describe motivational states associated with learning, and posit who is most likely to experience these states to gain knowledge and understanding from art. Throughout the article, we discuss how, when, and what knowledge derived from engagement might be measured and modeled. By grounding aesthetic cognitivism in empirical aesthetics, researchers can generate and test hypotheses about art’s role in promoting knowledge and understanding.
 
美学认知主义主张艺术能促进知识与理解。尽管这一主张具有直观吸引力，但鲜有实证研究检验过该哲学命题的有效性。本文综述了美学认知主义的正反论据，随后聚焦视觉艺术领域，探讨实证美学与神经科学如何为美学认知主义的讨论提供新视角。我们提出：参与（广义定义为观者对艺术品持续产生的思想、情感与行为反应）是获取新知识与理解的必要条件，可用于描述学习相关的动机状态，并推断哪些人群最可能通过艺术体验这些状态以获得知识与理解。全文将探讨如何、何时以及以何种方式测量与建模参与所衍生的知识。通过将审美认知主义植根于经验美学，研究者能够构建并检验关于艺术促进知识理解作用的假说。
 
出处：https://neuroaesthetics.med.upenn.edu/assets/user-content/documents/publications/2023-36170-001.pdf