理解审美印象：基于条件作用的效价与唤醒因果作用研究

      Theories of aesthetic experience suggest that aesthetic impressions of visual stimuli are fundamentally influenced by the emotions associated with the perceptual and cognitive processing of these stimuli. We tested this hypothesis in four experiments using a conditioning procedure via which the emotional content of stimuli can be transferred to others. In a conditioning phase, we simultaneously presented neutral pictures of chairs with pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), which varied in their valence and arousal potential (Experiment 1). Participants were instructed to look at the pictures and memorize them. Afterward, participants rated the aesthetic impression of the chairs. In Experiment 2, we investigated the isolated influence of arousal and did not vary valence, and in Experiment 3, we manipulated only the valence but kept the arousal of the pictures constant. In Experiment 4, we replaced the IAPS pictures with valenced words to test the generalizability of our results. The results of Experiments 1 and 3 showed that chairs presented together with positive IAPS pictures were judged to be more aesthetically pleasing than those presented with negative pictures. Arousal conditioning was unsuccessful in Experiments 1 and 2. Experiment 4 replicated the influence of conditioned valence on aesthetic judgement, indicating that the conditioning effect observed in Experiments 1 and 3 generalizes to other stimuli. Taken together, by showing that conditioned valence contributes to aesthetic impressions, the results of this research support the theoretical assumption that the emotional state during the processing of visual stimuli influences aesthetic impressions.

      审美体验理论认为，个体对视觉刺激所形成的审美印象，在根本上受到与这些刺激的知觉加工和认知加工相联系之情绪的影响。为检验这一假设，我们在四项实验中采用了条件化程序，以考察刺激的情绪内容是否能够迁移至其他刺激之上。在条件化阶段，我们将中性的椅子图片与取自国际情绪图片系统（International Affective Picture System, IAPS）的图片同时呈现，后者在效价与唤醒水平上存在差异（实验1）。参与者被要求观看并记忆这些图片，随后对椅子图片的审美印象进行评分。实验2考察了唤醒的单独影响，因此未操纵效价；实验3则仅操纵效价，同时保持图片的唤醒水平恒定。实验4以带有情绪效价的词语替代IAPS图片，以检验研究结果的可推广性。实验1与实验3的结果表明，与积极效价IAPS图片同时呈现的椅子，相较于与消极效价图片同时呈现的椅子，被判断为更具审美愉悦性。相比之下，实验1与实验2中关于唤醒条件化的操作均未获得成功。实验4进一步重复验证了条件化效价对审美判断的影响，表明在实验1与实验3中观察到的条件化效应能够推广至其他类型的刺激。综上所述，本研究结果表明，经过条件化的情绪效价会参与审美印象的形成，从而支持了审美体验理论中的一个核心观点，即个体在加工视觉刺激过程中所处的情绪状态，会对其审美印象产生影响。
 
      出处：
     https://psycnet.apa.org/