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五种现象性体验构成了我们对视觉艺术的参与


      The visual arts are found across our societies and are tied to a range of cognitive, affective, and physiological impacts. Their widespread engagement remains a core feature of human behavior, cultural practice, as well as an emerging resource for initiatives targeting education, well-being, and societal or individual development. However, systematic empirical investigations on the actual scope and nature of our art experiences are limited, especially when considering nuanced, ecologically-valid engagements that may manifest across emotional, epistemic, and bodily levels. Similarly limited, is our understanding of what kinds of reactions we can actually have, how these manifest, and the extent to which such responses might be either shared or unique across artworks and individuals. In this paper we report the results of a large-scale, multi-site collection of 2,747 reports of individual meetings between one viewer and one artwork, using a diverse artwork range from 11 major museums across Europe and North America. By applying a theory-derived list of 90 phenomenal items targeting the felt-experience and assessing reports with network modeling and latent profile analysis, we revealed five supraordinate profiles that reflect distinct types of felt-experience. These experience types emerged across all artwork-viewer combinations and showed distinct relationships to ratings of hedonic, epistemic, economic, and well-being implications. Our findings provide both first robust evidence for complex patterned, but also shared responses, which may also serve key insights at the mechanistic level, and offer a robust foundation and methodology for future arts research and applications.
 
      视觉艺术广泛存在于人类社会之中,并与多种认知、情感及生理层面的影响密切相关。人们对视觉艺术的广泛参与,始终是人类行为与文化实践的核心特征之一,同时也正日益成为服务于教育、幸福感提升以及社会或个体发展等倡议的重要资源。然而,关于艺术体验实际范围与性质的系统性实证研究仍然较为有限,尤其是在考察那些更为细腻且具有生态效度的艺术参与形式时更是如此,而这类体验可能同时呈现在情绪、认识与身体层面。与此相似,我们对于个体究竟会产生何种反应、这些反应如何表现,以及这些反应在不同艺术作品与不同个体之间究竟在多大程度上具有共享性或独特性的理解,同样仍显不足。基于此,本文报告了一项大规模、多地点研究的结果。该研究收集了2747份关于“单个观者与单件艺术作品相遇”的个体报告,所涉艺术作品来自欧洲与北美11家重要博物馆,涵盖多样化的作品类型。
研究采用了一份基于理论建构而成、包含90个现象学条目的量表,以测量受试者的主观感受体验,并结合网络建模与潜在剖面分析对数据进行评估。结果揭示出五种上位的体验剖面,它们反映了不同类型的主观感受经验。这些体验类型在所有“作品—观者”组合中均有呈现,并且与享乐性、认识性、经济性以及幸福感相关评价之间表现出不同的关系。本研究结果不仅首次为艺术体验中复杂而有模式的、同时又具有共享性的反应提供了有力证据,也为理解其潜在机制提供了关键线索;此外,本研究还为未来艺术研究及其应用提供了坚实的方法论基础与研究框架。
 
      出处:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/398188688_Five_Types_of_Phenomenal_Experience_Underlie_Our_Engagements_With_Visual_Art_A_Large-Scale_Network_Modeling_and_Latent_Profile_Approach_to_Assessing_Individual_Encounters_With_Art